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Library Educational Services

One-stop clearinghouse of information for liaison librarians and all librarians who teach.

Instructional Design

There are many different instructional design models. Choose the one that works best for you.

NOTE: In the context of the one-shot, strict adherence to a methodology is not always possible. When you are planning a class try to align: your learning outcomes > to your assignment or learning activity > to your assessment.

Instructional Design Models

Backward Design Process

Identify Desired Results = Learning Outcomes

      What do my students need to know and be able to do?

Determine Acceptable Evidence =The observable proof that a student is able to do the things you articulate in your learning outcomes. Once you determine what would be evidence of learning, you can design your assignments to guide students toward producing that evidence (and the quality of that evidence is what will determine their grade).

     How are my students going to be able to demonstrate that they know it and can do it?

Plan Learning Experiences & Instruction = Assignment & Lesson Plan

     How are my students going to learn what they need to know and be able to do?

ADDIE Model

Image: http://www.myedtechresource.com/uploads/3/1/2/3/31233817/1091741_orig.png

Analysis phase

This is the data-gathering phase. It clarifies the instructional problems and objectives, and identifies the learning environment and learner's existing knowledge and skills.

Design phase

This is the blueprinting stage. The design phase deals with learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises, content, subject matter analysis, lesson planning, and media selection.

Development phase

This is where material production and pilot testing occur. In the development phase, instructional designers and developers create and assemble content blueprinted in the design phase. In this phase, the designers create storyboards and graphics. If e-learning is involved, programmers develop or integrate technologies. Testers debug materials and procedures. The project is reviewed and revised according to feedback.

Implementation phase

This is where the content is delivered to the learner. Preparation for learners includes training them on new tools (software or hardware) and student registration. Implementation includes formative assessment of the design.

Evaluation phase

The evaluation phase consists of two parts: formative and summative. Formative evaluation is present in each stage of the ADDIE process.

KEY STEPS IN EACH PHASE:

Analysis

  • Frame the challenge, problem, or need into tangible action items.
  • Determine if each is an instructional or non-instructional issue.
  • Evolve strategies for instructional issues.
  • Perform the necessary analysis processes to gather data.
  • Determine needed resources.
  • Evaluate all analysis elements.

Design

  • Draft a design plan as your blueprint for the project.
    • Rationale
    • Objectives
    • Population profile
    • Course description
    • Learner and teacher prerequisites
    • Evaluation strategy
    • Deliverables
  • Evaluate all design elements.

Development

  • Draft the lesson plan.
    • Gaining attention
    • Direction
    • Recall
    • Content
    • Application feedback - Levels 1, 2, 3
    • Evaluation
    • Closure
  • Draft the materials.
  • Draft online content (if applicable).
  • Pilot-test (as applicable).
  • Modify as necessary based on pilot testing evaluation.
  • Evaluate all development elements.

Implementation

  • Move project to active status.
  • Evaluate
  • Modify as necessary based on evaluation.
  • Evaluate all implementation elements.

Evaluation

  • Review all five ADDIE elements.
  • Revise evaluation process as necessary.

Additional Resources

Bibliography